Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of female infertility. A woman's ovaries have follicles, which are tiny, fluid-filled sacs that hold the eggs. When an egg is mature, the follicle releases the egg so it can travel to the uterus for fertilization. In women with PCOS, immature follicles bunch together to form large cysts or lumps. The eggs mature within the bunched follicles, but the follicles don't break open to release them.
As a result, women with PCOS often don't have menstrual periods, or they only have periods on occasion. Because the eggs are not released, most women with PCOS have trouble getting pregnant. Researchers estimate that five to 10 percent of women in the U.S. have PCOS. Common signs include abnormal menstrual periods, heavy or prolonged bleeding, abnormal facial hair, waist bigger than hips, acne and infertility.
Studies are looking at whether PCOS is caused by genetics. Also, because many women with PCOS also have diabetes, studies are examining the relationship between PCOS and the body's ability to produce insulin.
Because there's no cure, PCOS needs to be managed to prevent further problems. Doctors most commonly prescribe birth control pills for this purpose. The pills regulate menstruation, reduce androgen levels and help clear acne. Progestins and insulin-sensitizing medications can be taken to induce a menstrual period and restore normal cycles. Eating a balanced diet low in carbohydrates and maintaining a healthy weight can help lessen symptoms. Regular exercise also aids the body in reducing blood-glucose levels and using insulin more efficiently.
Source: American Diabetes Association
Good Neighbor Pharmacy Health Connection, July 2013
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